Industry Background
As a key part of urban public transportation, rail transit is responsible for transporting large volumes of people. High passenger flow, complex spatial structures, and numerous electrical devices in places such as subways, light rail, and high-speed rail stations increase the risk of fire hazards. Once a fire occurs, it can result in severe casualties, significant property damage, and adverse social impacts. As urban rail transit networks continue to expand, fire safety has become a core element for ensuring safe operations, necessitating professional and reliable fire protection solutions.
Main Fire Risks in Rail Transit
Electrical Faults Leading to Fires
Electrical equipment such as power supply, lighting, and communication systems in rail transit operates over long periods, with frequent issues such as aging cables, short circuits, and overloads. For example, the lighting circuit in subway cars can be damaged by prolonged vibration, leading to insulation failure and sparks, which can ignite nearby combustible materials. Statistics show that electrical faults account for about 30% of rail transit fire incidents.
Vehicle Malfunctions Pose Risks
The propulsion and braking systems of trains generate high temperatures during operation, and poor heat dissipation or component failure can lead to fires. For instance, excessive wear of train brake pads can generate high temperatures, igniting grease and debris. Additionally, if interior materials of the vehicles are not fire-resistant, the fire can quickly spread.
Human Factors Causing Fires
Passengers carrying flammable or explosive materials such as fireworks and gasoline can lead to dangerous situations if leaked or ignited. Smoking in unauthorized areas or discarding lit cigarette butts can also trigger fires. In 2020, a passenger in a subway station violated the no-smoking policy, and an improperly extinguished cigarette ignited the trash can, nearly causing a disaster.
Dangers of Tunnel Fires
Rail transit tunnels have poor ventilation, and when fires occur, smoke is difficult to expel, causing rapid accumulation of high temperatures and toxic gases. This makes rescue and evacuation extremely difficult. Moreover, the dense arrangement of cables and pipes within tunnels allows fires to spread quickly.
In-depth Application of Taihe'an Products
High Sensitivity Smoke Detection: Due to the closed nature and slow smoke dispersion in rail transit environments, Taihe'an uses aspirating smoke detectors that actively sample air for detection. These detectors are hundreds of times more sensitive than traditional models and can detect even the smallest smoke particles in the early stages of a fire. In subway cars, by strategically placing sampling tubes, comprehensive monitoring can be achieved.
Multi-Parameter Integrated Alarming: The system integrates smoke, temperature, and carbon monoxide concentration monitoring, using intelligent algorithms to analyze data. When multiple parameters change abnormally, it comprehensively judges whether a fire has occurred, effectively reducing false alarms caused by environmental interference. In crowded subway platforms, it can accurately distinguish between normal environmental changes and fire hazards.
Fine Water Mist Fire Suppression System: Taihe'an equips subway cars, tunnels, and other spaces with fine water mist suppression systems. Fine mist has excellent cooling, smothering, and thermal radiation-blocking effects, using less water and causing minimal damage to equipment and the environment. Well-designed nozzles can rapidly spray fine mist over the fire-affected area, effectively extinguishing class A, B, and electrical fires.
Gas Fire Suppression System: For important equipment rooms like power distribution rooms and communication rooms in rail transit, Taihe'an uses FM-200 gas suppression systems. FM-200 is colorless, odorless, non-conductive, leaves no residue, and does not damage precision equipment. The system is linked with the fire alarm system and activates immediately after fire detection, injecting fire suppressant in a short time to extinguish the fire.
Key Technological Advantages
Fast Response and Accurate Location: In the critical moments of a fire emergency, Taihe'an’s fire protection system demonstrates millisecond-level response times. Once a fire alarm is triggered, it can rapidly pinpoint the exact location of the fire, whether it’s a specific car or a certain area on the platform. Integrated with the rail transit monitoring system, real-time fire site images can be transmitted to the command center, providing rescue personnel with clear, direct information to quickly formulate and implement firefighting and evacuation plans.
Strong Electromagnetic Interference Tolerance: Rail transit environments feature complex electromagnetic interference from train operation and communication signals. Taihe'an products utilize advanced electromagnetic shielding technology and carefully designed anti-interference circuits to create a robust defense line against interference, ensuring stable system operation. Even in this complex environment, the system accurately collects various fire-related data and reliably transmits alarm signals, avoiding delays or false alarms caused by interference.
Reliable System Architecture Design: The system innovatively adopts a two-level management, three-level control architecture with a ring-shaped backbone network. This design not only enhances system reliability and stability but also grants different management levels clear management authority and flexible control capabilities. In daily operations, personnel at various levels can manage efficiently according to their responsibilities, while in emergencies like fires, resources can be quickly mobilized, improving collaborative emergency response efficiency.
International Standard Compatibility and Interconnectivity: To meet the internationalization trend of the rail transit industry, Taihe'an incorporates FAS interface servers, enabling interconnection between domestic fire alarm systems and international advanced fire safety systems. This technological breakthrough allows Taihe'an's fire protection systems to seamlessly interface with other internationally standard safety systems at global rail transit hubs, significantly improving overall fire safety management and meeting the needs of global operations.
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